Human Geography Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Human Geography Analysis - Essay Example Malawi is a little smaller than Pennsylvania with a population of 15 million people and 90 percent of them living with an average income less than two dollars a day. Experts are in the view that by the end of this century, the population is likely to be almost 132 million. At present, about 40 percent of people in Malawi live below the nation's poverty line. The cause may be for lingering poverty is that in excess of 70 percent of Malawians live in countryside areas where they depend on agriculture for living. Almost all farmers cultivate maize; however, the income from it is insufficient that few people have enough money to live on. Three different views for the future of worldwide agriculture are ranged contrary to one other. The first and most admired progressive idea for Malawi, perceives these agriculturalists as fighters of a condemned way of life to be supported in future. Paul Collier, Oxford economist, is the man behind this ‘noble’ vision who offered in a conte mptuous November 2008 Foreign Affairs article in which he hit the ‘romantics’ who coveted for farmer cultivation. Seeing wages in cities are higher than in the rural area, and most advanced nation is capable to nourish itself without peasant farmers, Collier demanded for the features of big agriculture. He as well asked European Union to assist with genetically improved crops and the United States to stop domestic aids for biofuel. Biofuel aids are ridiculous, as they cause food prices to go up, drain off grains from the bowls of the poor into the production of biofuel with partial environmental advantages. Even though global agroindustry has made great profits since the East India Company, it hasn't improved the standard of farmers and farm laborers, who are always society's deprived people. If the aim is to make the world's poorest people wealthier, it is better to invest in their farms and place of work than to drive them to the metropolises. World Development Report in 2008 by the World Bank found that, certainly, investment in farmers was effective and real ways of raising people out of poverty and starvation. Agriculturalists societies from Malawi to India to Brazil demanded that right to use land, water, viable technology, training, markets, and state venture in processing, and further entree to level playing arena on national and global markets can benefit them. Nevertheless it took three decades of inadequate plan for the development establishment to understand this, and yet to fully realize. So as to fight the Cold War in overseas arenas, the U.S. and important foundations spent profoundly in farming technologies, for instance, with improved seed and fertilizer. William Gaud, the USAID administrator, called it a Green Revolution. The Green Revolution was executed with less passion and success in Africa than in Asia. In 2006, the International Fertilizer Development Center viewed that $4 billion value of soil nutrients were being quarried from the African soil by farmers who, struggle to live, weren't filling the nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous in the land. The reason for deteriorating soil quality lay because of systematic negligence since the 1980s that the World Bank itself acknowledged in an internal evaluation and the remedy is to fix the soil with technology. Consequently in 2006, the Rockefeller Foundation joined the Gates Foundation to launch ‘

Epidemiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Epidemiology - Essay Example This entails food safety to ensure monitoring of food to avoid causing foodborne diseases. Therefore, the research question is â€Å"what can consumers do to protect themselves from foodborne illness. The study is purely cross-sectional and investigates the control measures used to enhance prevention of foodborne illness among the consumers. First the study identifies the community, who are the consumers. Some of the basic steps towards prevention of foodborne illness include buy of foodstuffs from reputable sources to enhance any follow-up in case of an emergency. The consumer should ask the supplier of the standards they normally impose to ensure food safety (Lindell & David, 2001). The consumer must choose foodstuff that is wholesome and appears fresh. Any unfamiliar color or odor causes for alarm, and any produce with excessive soil or dust on edible portions must be avoided. The foodstuff should be stored in dry and cool place, and the consumer should follow all directions for use. Washing of hands should be exercised before preparation of any food. All produce must be washed in a clean colander or sink under running water. The cutting boards should be washed in warm water, and any raw produce like fruits should not be chopped in a board used for poultry or raw meat (Lindell & David, 2001). The cross-sectional design involves the collection of data at a definite time to assess the prevalence of chronic or acute conditions. The study involves the collection of special data like the questions about past, and they rely on the originally collected data (Lindell & David, 2001). The design is relatively easy and quick to conduct, and the collection of data on all variables happens at once. This is because the design involves observing the entire population. The method is applicable where the prevalence can be measured for all the factors investigated. Also, multiple outcomes can be studied. The prevalence of any health related characteristics or

How to Take Care a Dachshund Essay Example for Free

How to Take Care a Dachshund Essay 1. Learn how to hold your dachshund. You cant hold them like normal dogs because of their long backs. Hold their ends while supporting their back with your other hand. Although its an awkward position at first, after a while you will get used to it. Practice with something light first because you may hurt your dachshund. Make sure you never hold them by their paws or head. 2. Dont let them climb stairs or go down stairs. When dachshunds climb stairs, it puts pressure on their backs because of their height. Their backs bend the wrong way. When they go down stairs, a lot of pressure is placed on the discs with each step. Always carry them when youd like them to come upstairs or downstairs. a. Put a baby gate up to keep them off the stairs and from being their naturally-curious selves. 3. Get a light leash. If your dachshunds leash is too heavy, you will end up lugging the dog around the block instead of taking him for a walk. Make sure that your leash is made out of light material, and that the metal clips arent too big. A good choice of a leash is one specifically made for smaller dogs. 4. House train them. Start off with getting them to urinate on eco friendly puppy pads or newspaper. Then, gradually put less and less newspaper on the floor. Once all the paper is gone, take them for walks. Reward them if they do their business. Whenever they mark their territory outside, say, Good dog, good duty. Good Fito. Of course, replace Fito with your dogs name. b. Make sure that when you reward them, you say their name along with good dog. This makes them associate their name with good dog, so theyll consider themselves a good dog. c. If you punish your dog, dont say their name along with bad dog. This will make them believe their name means bad dog, which is not a good thing. 5. Brush their teeth. Start off by rubbing their teeth with meat. (It sounds weird, of course!) This will make them comfortable with your hands in their mouth. Then use dog toothpaste. This must be done at a young age. 6. Give them toys. This is especially important while your dog is teething. Theyll want to chew on something, and if you dont supply them, theyll pick a nice Italian shoe out of your closet instead. 7. Let your dog run. Because of their short legs, they need to run around often. If they do not exercise, they will become overweight. This is especially bad for dachshunds because their stomachs weigh down their backs. If your dachshund becomes obese, they will most likely encounter back problems as well. 8. Dont let your dachshund jump. Even though it may look extremely cute, this is also bad for their backs. If they can stand up on their hind legs, this is okay. If they jump very high and fall back down, dont let them do it. d. Dont let them sit up on their hindquarters. Again, its very cute, but it puts a lot of pressure on the discs in the back. 9. Clip you dogs nails. Buy a special tool for this, since you dont want to hit the quick. If you dont think you can do this, leave it to the vet. 10. Wash your dog. Use special dog shampoo for this. Unless your dog has a skin problem, there is no need to wash him or her other than for your own enjoyment, although its probably also good for your dachs. Shoot to wash him or her every couple of months. 11. Brush your dog. Make sure you pay special attention to the stomach and ears. Make sure your dog doesnt get matted hair, as they are painful to your dog and hard to remove. 12. Do stuff with your dachshund! If you are interested in any dog sports, get your dachshund into them! Dachshunds can compete in conformation, agility, obedience, flyball, and much more! Dachshund Diet 1. Talk with your vet. Dachshunds need a special diet to maintain a healthy weight and a happy pup! The first week you get your dachshund, you should always go to the vet and get a checkup. While you are there, you should discuss what type of food your dachshund will be eating. * Make sure your commercial brand of dog food is not purchased at a grocery store! Most of the time, brands of dog food at grocery stores have a high fat content, high sodium content, and lots of preservatives and artificial flavors. You should purchase your dog food online from a trusted website or from your local pet supply and specialty store. * Which brand to choose is the hard question. Make sure your brand of food has no animal byproducts or artificial flavoring. You should try to steer clear of foods with corn and soy also. * Select a higher-quality brand. Better brands of dog food are usually more expensive, but that is not always the case. You may want to choose a brand of food that is formulated especially for dachshunds. Recommended brands of food are Fromm, Blue Buffalo, and Organix. There is also The Honest Kitchen and Dick Van Patterns Natural Balance. Last but not least, if you would like to purchase a food specially formulated for your dachshie, there is Eukanuba Dachshund Formula. * Look at the nutrition label, if the first and main ingredient isnt meat, it probably isnt the best food for any breed of dog. 2. Consider commercial brands. If you and your vet discuss it, and you decide to get a commercial brand of food, choose wisely. There are many brands of food out there, and some of them are very good, and others are very bad. 3. Never let your dachshund become overweight. This greatly increases the risk of IVDD (disc disease) and paralysis. If your dachs puts on weight, replace some of her food with canned pure pumpkin, which will help her to lose enough weight so that she has a nice, tucked waist. Tips * Discourage them from bad behaviors (nipping, barking, scratching, etc.) * Buy a comfortable harness or collar for your dog that is light. Make sure its not too tight. * Make sure to schedule regular vet appointments (two a year) to make sure your dog is up to date on exams and shots! * Give your dachshund lots of space if it is eating a bone. * Praise your dachshund if he or she does a very good job. And if it is working hard on something hard (like a treasure hunt) encourage your dachshund to do a good job. * Freeze Dried foods like Grandma Lucys are a great choice since they are high in protein, but low in fat and carbs. * Talk to your dachshund in a sing-song voice (if it is blind) Warnings * Only use special dog toothpaste when you brush your dachshunds teeth. * Take your dachshund to the vet every six months, even if there are no symptoms of disease. Dachshunds need their routine vaccinations, or just a checkup! * Dont let your dachshund get overweight, this can cause major back and health problems. * An unsocialized dachshund is not pleasant; get your dachshie socialized with other dogs and people! * Dachshunds nails are always dark, so be very careful when cutting them. Try not to hit the qwick (blood vessel in nail). * Consider buying health insurance for your pet. Dachshunds can be bold and daring a trait that can get them in trouble, often resulting in the two options: surgery or putting the dog down.

Female Independence in Frankenstein and Jane Eyre

Female Independence in Frankenstein and Jane Eyre Visions of Female Independence in Frankenstein and Jane Eyre. There are considerable ironies in the fact that, of the two novels considered here, it is Jane Eyre which is far more profoundly concerned with the possibility of female independence in a male-dominated world. Mary Shelley was the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft, the proto-feminist, and of the radical thinker Godwin. She was the wife of the revolutionary poet Shelley, and a friend of Byron. Yet Frankenstein, for all its shocking subject matter, is in many ways a conventional work of its time, a sort of encyclopedia of Romantic attitudes, and its vision of the role of women makes little attempt to disturb the accepted views of her contemporaries. Charlotte Brontà «, by contrast, was a vicar’s daughter, whose most intense experience, it might be argued, was within her own family group, and who finally married a clergyman, and yet Jane Eyre is an intense exploration of a woman’s efforts to understand and maintain the integrity of the self against innumerable pressures â⠂¬â€œ the tyranny of Mrs Reed, the bullying of Brocklehurst, the inevitable inferiority of being the salaried employee of Rochester, and later his gilded possession, and then the massive egotism of St John Rivers in its guise as religious selflessness. The longing for independence is indeed the central issue of the novel, and it is the intensity of the vision and the complex and unhysterical analysis of Jane’s experience that give the novel its importance. Of course, the protection of the self is not just a female issue; it figures largely in Arthur Clennam’s story and in Pip’s. But for nineteenth-century women it had a particular poignancy, and as Jane longs for a wider life than that offered by Lowood, she declares that â€Å"Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts as much as their brothers do† (Brontà «, 1966, 141). The work is, as Margot Peter s says, â€Å"a novel essentially radical in its preoccupation with the themes of independence and liberty for the subjugated sex, Victorian woman† (Peters, 1973, 148). To apply a feminist critique to Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein must be a matter of some tact. There is little evidence of a direct influence of her mother’s ideas in the novel, though the critic Charles Robinson has argued that she was fully aware of her mother’s views, and was proud of her parentage. He claims that A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) and Frankenstein (1818) are  two radically different English romantic works that nevertheless address similar issues about education and parenting. Mary Shelley may have been denied direct advice and nurturing from her mother, but she could at least indirectly seek that parent’s wisdom by reading her works. (Buss, Macdonald and McWhir,128). Frankenstein is full of the ideas of its time. The monster’s story is a study in Rousseauism. The landscape is Wordsworthian. Byronic and Beethovenian images can be detected in the notion of exploring, going beyond. Similarly the presentation of women in the novel is typical of its time. Men are the explorers, the scientists, the travelers, while women stay at home and offer affection, stability and compassion. Walton at the beginning of the novel is writing letters to his â€Å"dear sister† at home, a wife, who is â€Å"my dear, excellent Margaret† and whom he thanks â€Å"for all your love and kindness† (Vol I, Letter I, 18), while he asks â€Å"do I not deserve to accomplish some great purpose?† (ibid, 17). He writes of the master of the ship, who had planned to marry a Russian lady. He selflessly released her from the engagement when she revealed that she loved someone else, but her father insisted on the original match for financial reasons. â €Å"She was bathed in tears, and, throwing herself at his feet, intreated him to spare her† (Vol I, Letter II, 21). She is entirely in thrall to male power, and only the generosity of the master saves her. â€Å"What a noble fellow!† (ibid, 21). Such episodes simply reflect the conditions of the time. It is unlikely that Mary Shelley’s aim in this episode was to stir rebellion. Walton sees his sister as a mother figure. His youth was spent â€Å"under your gentle and feminine fosterage† (ibid, 20) which has refined and civilized him. This the monster notably lacks. Frankenstein’s story presents the female actors in a very restricted role. Elizabeth is the novel’s central positive female force, â€Å"the beautiful and adored companion of all my occupations and my pleasures† (ibid, 37). Curiously, she is presented to Frankenstein as a sort of property, â€Å"mine to protect, love, and cherish. All praises bestowed on her I received as made to a possession of my own† (ibid, 37). This piece of charming childish naivety in his thinking has an edge that must grate on the modern reader. The educations of Frankenstein and Elizabeth are most revealing. She is â€Å"of a calmer and more concentrated disposition† while he is â€Å"more deeply smitten with the thirst for knowledge.† So while she interested herself in such â€Å"girly† things as contemplating â€Å"the magnificent appearances of things, I delighted in investigating their causes† (Vol I, ch.II, 38). Girls do arts subjects, while boys do sciences! There is a tendency to stereotype here. Elizabeth has a â€Å"saintly soul† (ibid, 39), but acts largely as a supporter of others, â€Å"Her sympathy was ours: her smile, her soft voice, the sweet glance of her celestial eyes, were ever there to bless and animate us. She was the living spirit of love to soften and attract† (ibid, 39-40). In fact she has little other role. Frankenstein is away from home for six years, but we have very little information about what she does all that time, or what she thinks. After the death of the mother of the family (which, characteristically, is â€Å"calm† (Vol I, Ch. III, 45)), Elizabeth explicitly takes over the mother role, â€Å"the comforter to us all. She looked steadily on life, and assumed its duties with courage and zeal† (ibid, 45), and the only thing she can do when Frankenstein leaves for the university is to â€Å"bestow the last feminine attentions† (ibid, 46) on him. The energy of life, even if misdirected, is left to Frankenstein himself, who pursues scientific knowledge with a passion which seems to be confined to men. Elizabeth writes, longing to help him in his illness, describing her own life as filled only with â€Å"trifling occupations† (Vol I, Ch VI, 66). Justine is another bearer of female charm and good nature: â€Å"She is very clever and gentle, and extremely pretty† (ibid, 67). In fact all the women in the book share these harmless and undramatic positives. The only disagreeable one is the old woman in the Irish prison (Vol III, Ch IV). Elizabeth weeps over the death of William and blames herself, and Justine goes to her death full of benevolence and piety. The monster’s account of the De Laceys in their cottage continues the picture of the female as gentle guardian of the civilized. Agatha impresses him with her â€Å"gentle manners† (Vol II, Ch iii, 110), her job is preparing food, comforting the old man and â€Å"arranging the cottage† (ibid, 111). Safie is noted for â€Å"a countenance of angelic beauty and expression† (Vol II, Ch V, 119) and is characteristically occupied in â€Å"wiping a few tears from her lovely eyes† (ibid, 120). She sings â€Å"like a nightingale of the woods† (ibid, 121). Her â€Å"generous nature† is â€Å"outraged† by her father’s duplicity and tyranny (Vol II, Ch VI, 129). It is here that the monster begins to reflect on his own lack of parents, though it is the role of father he invokes; from the papers he discovered in the coat pocket â€Å"I learned†¦ that you were my father, my creator† (Vol II, Ch VIII, 141). He has seen so few mothers, after all! But the monster wants a mate, effectively an Elizabeth for himself: â€Å"My virtues will necessarily arise when I live in communion with an equal. I shall feel the affections of a sensitive being, and become linked to the chain of existence and events, from which I am now excluded† (Vol II, Ch IX, 151). The female will offer sensitivity and compassion. If a concern for independence seems absent from Mary Shelley’s women, for Jane Eyre it is a constant desire, and something by which she defines herself. She seeks liberty, not simply for license, but in justice to her sense of her own individuality. She will willingly serve, but not under conditions that violate that notion of self. At Gateshead she feels â€Å"Speak I must: I had been trodden on severely, and must turn† (Brontà «, 68), not because she wants revenge, but because of an intolerable feeling of injustice. She â€Å"would fain exercise some better faculty than that of fierce speaking† (70), but she is driven by the same drive that later will send her away from Rochester, a self-respect that will not be crushed. At Lowood she is again oppressed, by the bullying and hypocritical Brocklehurst, but here a solution is offered to her by Helen Burns, who reads Rasselas and demonstrates the power of a stoical courage in the face of adversity. Her advice is o f immense value to Jane, but ultimately the superhuman qualities in Helen make it impossible to follow her. When Helen is unfairly punished Jane wonders â€Å"How can she bear it so quietly?† (84). Helen is right to tell her â€Å"It is far better to endure patiently a smart which nobody feels but yourself† (88), but Jane is too red-blooded, to human and real to be able to accept Helen’s attitude. If Jane â€Å"thinks too much of the love of human beings† (101) as Helen says, that is a weakness that makes humanity valuable. Heaven and Hell cannot satisfy Jane, and Helen’s stoical quietism cannot satisfy her energetic self. Helen dies, perhaps indicating the impossibility of such a position for ordinary mortals, and Jane finds a satisfaction at the school under the intelligent Miss Temple. But in time she must seek â€Å"liberty†¦ at least a new servitude† (117). Thus she comes to Thornfield and Rochester, who finds her interesting because of the very quality of independence and self-respect which drives all her actions. As Mrs Leavis says, â€Å"The courtship scenes are peculiarly un-Victorian† (17) in their emphasis on equality between the partners, the result largely of Jane’s refusal to act the role of the humble dependant in their conversations together. She finds his directness refreshing: â€Å"A reception of finished politeness would probably have confused me†¦. The eccentricity of the proceedings was piquant† (152). She is not frightened of him; it is not in her nature to be so, such is her sense of the integrity of her selfhood. She is his employee, but â€Å"I don’t think, sir, you have the right to command me, merely because you are older than I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (165). She likes his informality, but tells him that â€Å"for insolence†¦ nothing free-born would submit to, even for a salary† (166). He knows that â€Å"Not three in three thousand raw schoolgirl governesses would have answered me as you have done† (166), but delights in the freedom this leads to as much as she does. She feels she is being treated with true respect, and life opens up for her. When she goes away to Mrs Reed’s deathbed, and shows her true maturity in her wish to be reconciled with her, her absence only clarifies for her what she loves about Thornfield. She has been able to live â€Å"a full and delightful life† (281) in which her precious self has at last been allowed to flourish. â€Å"I have talked, face to face, with what I reverence, with what I delight in† (281). As he proposes to her he says â€Å"my equal is here† (282), the perfect tribute to her being, and the explanation of their mutual love. When she accepts his proposal she continues to fight with an almost instinctive strength against his attempts to convert her into a love object. She recoils from the unreality of his desire to â€Å"load these fairy-like fingers with rings† (287). She will not be â€Å"an ape in a harlequin’s jacket† (288), and would â€Å"rather be a thing than an angel† (291). She will not dress up for him, and hates the business in the silk warehouse (296). She feels â€Å"annoyance and degradation† (297), and thinks explicitly of the precious freedom of the self: â€Å"It would, indeed, be a relief†¦ if I had ever so small an independency† (297). She feels that he has become a conventional lover, whose aim is possession. All this, of course, co-exists with a passionate love for him. And her decision to leave him after the revelations about Bertha is similarly driven primarily by the horror of betrayal of the independent self. To see her action as sim ply moral horror is as beside the point as to complain of her inability to take a more emancipated attitude. To stay with him â€Å"I should then be your mistress† (331), and to do this would make her â€Å"the successor of these poor girls† (339) he has kept before. As she thinks of her own insignificance in the eyes of the world – who would care if she did give way to him? – what she hears is the voice of her own independent self: â€Å"I care for myself. The more solitary, the more friendless, the more unsustained I am, the more I will respect myself† (344). Although she speaks of laws and training, it is the deep sense of the vital importance of her own integrity, her own self-respect, which drives her to act with such resolution. In the novel plot is replaced by a series of revelatory episodes, each helping Jane to come to realization of what she truly desires. Her contact with St John Rivers clarifies what she wants and does not want. Being the teacher at the village school, for all its deprivations, is â€Å"independent† (381) and â€Å"free and honest† (386) compared with being Rochester’s mistress, but Rivers’ self-denial is unattractive, ultimately because it is dishonest, a distortion of his true self from â€Å"the bent of nature† (387), and, at core, a subtle weapon to destroy her independence and swallow up her precious integrity. But, although his appeal has immense power over her, she knows enough now to resist. â€Å"I want to enjoy my own faculties as well as to cultivate those of other people† (415), and when happiness beckons â€Å"I feel I have adequate cause to be happy, and I will be happy† (417). She tells him that she scorns his idea of love , with its wretched self-abasement, and she knows now that â€Å"God did not give me my life to throw away† (439). When she finally devotes herself to Rochester it is anything but a sacrifice. â€Å"What do I sacrifice? Famine for food, expectation for content† (470). The circumstances of nineteenth-century women, in a world where the opportunities open to men were almost all closed to them, make Jane Eyre a radical and courageous document, though Jane’s concern to maintain the integrity of the self is a central human issue rather than simply a feminist complaint. In Mary Shelley’s case it can hardly be argued that she is aware of or troubled by the restricted role of women in her novel. Despite her own mother’s views, it was difficult for her to escape from history, and from the deepest assumptions of her time. Indeed, if there is a feminist element in the book it is in the condemnation of – characteristically male – intellectual daring, and the dangers that result from the desire to go beyond the limits, which inspires Frankenstein to make his monster, and Walton to explore the Arctic. â€Å"The primary pattern underlying feminist writing is that of Frankenstein, a world in which cerebral man and monster are o ne† (Gordon, 428). Works Cited Brontà «, C. Jane Eyre. Introduction by Q.D.Leavis. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966. Gordon, L. Mary Wollstonecraft. London: Little, Brown, 2005. Peters, M. Charlotte Brontà «. Madison and London: Univ of Wisconsin, 1973. Robinson, Charles. â€Å"A mother’s Daughter: An Intersection of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.† In Buss, Helen M., Macdonald, D.L. and McWhir, Anne. Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley. Writing Lives. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier U.P., 2001, pp.127-138. Shelley, M. Frankenstein. 1818 edition. Edited M.Hindle. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1992.

Knowles Separate Peace Essays: Self-Knowledge and Inner-Peace

A Separate Peace: Self-Knowledge and Inner-Peace The theme suggested in the closing paragraph of the novel A Separate Peace is that people create their own enemy and then they defend themselves laboriously and obsessively against their imaginary enemy. They develop a particular frame of mind to allay the fear that arises while facing their nonexistent enemy. In the novel, the protagonist, Gene, tries to fight a war with his best friend, Finny, not realizing that the enemy he sees is not Finny but is his own insecurity. At the beginning Gene believes that Finny is actually his enemy who is trying to sabotage him. Gene thinks that Finny envies his academic ability just as he envies Finny's extraordinary athletic ability. To feel better about himself, Gene lowers Finny to his level so that they are "even, even in enmity.† Gene's attitude toward Finny is a manifestation of his jealousy and lack of self-confidence. Finny, on the other hand is extremely confident. He never had the evil thoughts about destroying Gene's grades - he is too innocent of a person to have such thought. Furthermore, Finny, being a carefree person, does not even care about his own grades, and certainly not Gene's grades. Gene does not realize the truth, or perhaps he simply does not want to admit the truth. He has created an enemy to protect himself from acknowledging that he is not completely satisfied with his character, or lack of thereof. Gene finally realizes that Finny is not tryin... ...defenses that people have constructed are as useless as the "Maginot Lines"; they only prevent people from analyzing their emotions and characters. People should view the enemy and the war in a more objective perspective, and try to understand themselves. Only by doing so can they eventually find their identity.

Controversy About Vaccinations Against Infectious Diseases Essay

Vaccination Against Infectious Diseases Vaccines are one of the most controversial topics in modern medicine and will continue to attract more attention in the years ahead. Most new parents dutifully take their babies to their doctor to be vaccinated, at the prescribed times. However, over the last few decades, there have been several scares concerning vaccinations, and the possible side effects of them. Some parents have refused to have their child vaccinated because of some of these scares, and the truth is, they have been blown out of proportion by the press and it can be very confusing for the general public. In order to balance this extraordinary influence, parents will need to make a well informed decision about vaccines for their children. It is, of course, very important that before anybody embarks on a course of vaccinations, they should know both the benefits and the risks associated with them. Therefore, in order to begin thinking about whether vaccinations should be compulsory for all children, there are some issues to be addressed. Some parents may feel it unsafe to put chemicals into such young children; especially if there have been uncertainties about particular vaccines. An example of this is the DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus) vaccine. Infants are meant to receive at 2/3/4 months. However, there are several side effects that parents fear, although very unlike to occur, they are very drastic and have stopped parents have letting their children have the vaccine. People have also been unsure about the effectiveness of the diphtheria vaccine, infact when the vaccine was once compulsory; there was a 17... ...errible diseases that could harm them, and since the vaccines have been introduced, there have been lower death rates in children. There may be some side effects to some of the vaccinations, but it is not worth risking not vaccinating them. It is unsafe to assume that herd immunity will wipe out the risk of catching the disease as so many parents today are not having their child vaccinated. I feel that it is a good idea that under most circumstances, vaccination against infectious diseases should be made compulsory for all children. In a situation when a child is more likely to react very badly to a particular vaccine, alternative methods could be used. But I feel it important that children of today are all immunised so that, in the future, hopefully, such diseases would not be a threat to the children of tomorrow.

Impact of Telecommunication Social or Economical

In 2013, worldwide telecommunications will reach $2. 3 trillion in revenues [1]. The revenue from telecommunication services is projected to grow at the rate of 3. 8 percent [1]. Not only is the telecommunications industry monetarily strong but also has a great impact on the social and economic development of the world. Telecommunications has changed the way people live, interact and conduct businesses. Rwanda, commonly known as â€Å"the Land of a Thousand Hills†, is a country in central Africa. This country faced a civil war in 1993.Between April and June 1994, an estimated 800,000 Rwandans were killed [9]. After this genocide, one of the most important areas of development that the Government focused on was Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Rwanda, with its hilly terrain, is favorable for growing tea and coffee. Export of tea comprised of 70% of its export [2]. Thus during the U. S. recession of 2009, Rwanda’s GDP grew by 4. 1% in comparison to 11. 2% a year before [4]. The geography of the country and the underdeveloped road/rail transportation adds on to increased cost in exporting goods [2].One of the main reasons for focusing on ICT policy was to convert Rwanda from an agrarian economy to an information-centric economy [3]. In order to achieve this, the Government has implemented National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policy [8]. Earlier in Rwanda, there were a very few newspapers published on a weekly or even on biweekly basis. The Rwandan Government used to broadcast radio all throughout the day in order to educate people [2]. But this effort did not scale nationwide and the nature of information was limited.There were three major telecommunications providers in the country by 2012, because of National ICT policy and privatization of Rwanda’s telecommunications industry. Telecommunications services have provided a broader source of information through the Internet and has facilitated in educating the people of Rwanda across the nation. One of the main health care issues faced in Rwanda is spread of HIV/AIDS. Innovative ways, such as bulk short message services (SMS), have been used to create awareness among people regarding the virus.The Rwanda Government has given out free cell phones to community health care volunteers, in an attempt to help pregnant women [11]. If there are any questions, updates, or complications regarding the pregnancy, health volunteers text the local clinic and get a response within minutes [11]. Such telecommunications services have helped the social development of Rwanda. Up until 2006 telecommunications in Rwanda was state owned monopoly. Since then there has been privatization of the telecommunications industry [5].Privatization of the industry led to the arrival of international telecommunications giants. Foreign investment in the telecommunication industry has become one of the channels for the government to increase its revenue. In the fiscal year of 2011/ 2012, Rwanda’s government lost over $23 million because of fuel tax reduction. During the same fiscal year, Bharti Airtel, one of the international telecommunications giant from India, bought a telecommunications license worth $100 million [5]. The Rwanda Government has used this payment to offset part of Rwanda’s fiscal deficit [6].In order to increase their customer base, all of the telecommunications companies have introduced mobile money services. This service allows customers to send and receive money within the country and also overseas [7]. Almost, Rwf45 billion has been transferred to and from Rwanda from the inception of this service. The telecommunications companies are directly licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda to facilitate mobile money services. The mobile money service has helped in providing more financial services [10].Telecommunications has helped economic development of the country by enabling easy transfer of money [7]. In conclusion, ICT is helping to re-build Rwanda. The National ICT policy and action plan re-emphasizes the importance of ICT. Telecommunications has helped Rwanda develop socially and economically. This analysis has made me realize that telecommunications is not just any other industry, but has the power to change lives of millions. References: [1] Anonymous (2012). ‘Worldwide Telecommunications Industry Revenue to Reach $2. Trillion in 2013, [Online] Available: http://www. kten. com/story/20754074/worldwide-telecommunications-industry-revenue-to-reach-22-trillion-in-2013-says-insight-research-corp Accessed on January 30, 2013. [2] Anonymous. [Online] Available: http://www. historycentral. com/nationbynation/Rwanda/Economy. html Accessed on January 30, 2013 [3] K. David (2004, May). ‘IMPLEMENTING THE NATIONAL ICT POLICY AND PLAN in RWANDA’ [Online]. Available: http://www. powershow. com/view/200885-ZTVmZ/IMPLEMENTING_THE_NATIONAL_ICT_POLI