Impact of Globalization on Developing Countries

INTRODUCTION * Globalization describes the process by which regional economies, societies and cultures have become integrated through a global network of ideas. * This integration has been fueled by technological advances in communication, transportation and trade that break down national divisions and barriers. * Globalization is recognized through a number of trends such as growing economic integration and liberalization; trade regulation; convergence of macroeconomic policies; modification of the role and concept of nation state; proliferation of supranational agreements and regulatory bodies; and globalization of information systems. These trends are associated with both positive and negative impacts on human well-being, the use and conservation of the environment, equity within countries and between developing and developed countries, participation and democratic decision-making, food security, poverty alleviation and others. 1 http://elearn. usiu. ac. ke/webapps/portal/frameset . jsp? tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_4144_1%26url%3D- GLOBALIZATION LECTURE. PPTX EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Globalization has brought in new opportunities to developing countries.Greater access to developed country markets and technology transfer hold out promise, improved productivity and higher living standards. But globalization has also thrown up new challenges like growing inequality across and within nations, volatility in financial markets and environmental deteriorations. 2 This paper assesses the positive and negative impact of globalization on developing countries in the following dimensions; 1. Economic 2. Social 3. Political POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACT Increased Standard of Living Economic globalization gives governments of developing nations access to foreign lending.When these funds are used on infrastructure including roads, health care, education, and social services, the standard of living in the country increases. If the money is used only selectively, however, not all citizens will participate in the benefits. Access to New Markets Globalization leads to freer trade between countries. This is one of its largest benefits to developing nations. Homegrown industries see trade barriers fall and have access to a much wider international market. The growth this generates allows companies to develop new technologies and produce new products and services.Access to New and More capital Developing nations attract foreign investments resulting in better smooth consumption, deepens financial markets, and increases the degree of market discipline. In most developing nations, the financial markets are not fully developed, as such globalization is a boost to the country’s financial markets. Employment Opportunities Because the wages in developing countries is far lower than that of developed countries, work such as software development, customer support, marketing, accounting and insurance is outsourced to developing countries like India.The workers in the developing countries get employment. Access to technologies As a result of outsourcing, developing countries get access to the latest technology and technological improvements; they are thus able to use the technologies to improve the standard of living. They can also utilize these technologies in solving problems, for example advanced medicine to cure local diseases. Increased competition Due to the need to compete globally, companies have had to reduce prices, which is good for the consumer in such countries. In addition, there is improvement of goods and services accompanied by improved technology.Globalization is thus a win for consumers. NEGATIVE ECONOMIC IMPACT Widening Disparity in Incomes While an influx of foreign companies and foreign capital creates a reduction in overall unemployment and poverty, it can also increase the wage gap between those who are educated and those who are n ot. Over the longer term, education levels will rise as the financial health of developing countries rise, but in the short term, some of the poor will become poorer. Not everyone will participate in an elevation of living standards. Decreased EmploymentThe influx of foreign companies into developing countries increases employment in many sectors, especially for skilled workers. However, improvements in technology come with the new businesses and that technology spreads to domestic companies. Automation in the manufacturing and agricultural sectors lessens the need for unskilled labor and unemployment rises in those sectors. If there is no infrastructure to help the unemployed train for the globalized economy, social services in the country may become strained trying to care for the new underclass. http://smallbusiness. hron. com/effects-economic-globalization-developing-countries-3906. html Globalization for Developing Countries in Asia Backed by sound economic policies and informa tion technological advancements, the South-East Asian countries have prospered as their employment growth rate has increased tremendously. One fine example of this phenomenon is India which continues to have an economic growth rate of 8 percent or more per year. Easy access to foreign capital and increased foreign direct investment lays down the foundation for a competitive and yet, thriving market.Since the players increase in the market, the consumers not only get better products, but also at a cheaper price. Hence, another benefit is low inflation rate which helps the country to have a stabilized economy. Poverty has reduced in the Asian countries which have adopted liberalized economic policies. Companies from other countries bring their products with their technologies. Newer technologies in IT, production and research cut down the production cost, and increase sales. Moreover, they also sharpen the skills of the local labor force. Globalization in AfricaAfrica is a huge contin ent with many countries which are downtrodden and poor mostly sustaining life on agriculture and aquaculture. Not only that, there are regions which are torn apart by war and violence, and hence steady income from a stable employment would work as a respite from the in-fighting. Education plays a major role in the development of any nation and is one of the important drawbacks in the growth of the African region. UNESCO believed that 48% of children in Africa were never ever enrolled in primary schools in the year 2000.This disappointing number can go down if African countries open their doors to free market policies. With significant players in the market, a major positive impact would be on the education and technological field of the African continent. More resources and FDI would be at hand because of globalization and ensure lower exchange rate of local currency. Hence, it will indirectly help boom the economy. Though, globalization is not a magic wand and cannot wipe away all of Africa's woes, but it can surely create a favorable environment for a fair and stable government.Globalization would bring any African country more closer to rest of the world and any wrongdoing on the part of a government or a faction can be monitored and curtailed. Trade treaties and co-dependence in business is fostered by globalization. It can bring about a vast change in the political, economical, and social set ups in Africa. With more money, resources and people coming to Africa, the real and the most devastating problems of these countries could grab the limelight, and relief intervention can be provided by the global community. Read more at Buzzle: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/benefits-of-globalization. html

Cooperative Learning Is Defined As An Interdependent Group Education Essay

Dahley ( 1994 ) identifies classroom needs that advance a comfy concerted acquisition environment in schools. Using the concerted acquisition scheme increases pupil accomplishment, societal accomplishments, post-school success, and the use of resources. Research supports this scheme as an engaging environment for the scholar ensuing in higher academic accomplishment and self-pride in pupils. This in bend increases the overall satisfaction of larning in pupils and promotes the desire to accomplish, every bit good as creates practical accomplishments needed in the concern universe. Johnson & A ; Johnson ( n.d. ) advocate the usage of concerted acquisition in any type of course of study that group work is executable. The standards for effectual execution in any schoolroom include the alteration of bing resources as one of the foundations for this scheme. Furthermore, the instructor is required to understand the demands environing the course of study, capable, and pupils. This will let for the appraisal of effectual heterogenous grouping constructions within the schoolroom. There are five indispensable constituents presented for instructors to see when organizing concerted acquisition groups. The first is group size. Small groups of two to five are most effectual, particularly with heterogenous grouping. The 2nd constituent is group map. Functionality of a group involves coaction, job resolution, treatments, brainstorming, and sharing resources to get at a reciprocally good finish. Another of import facet is group norms, which are cultivated over clip by making t he groups and keeping them to the criterions of mutuality for accomplishment. Next, group accomplishments are required to be taught throughout the procedure. Teaching and reenforcing the coveted accomplishments of teamwork, back uping others in the group, credence, positive interactions, and struggle declaration will non merely assist the pupils understand what is expected of them in their groups, but these accomplishments besides transfer to other countries such as the schoolroom, school, and community. Finally, ends and regulations are to be communicated clearly to the pupils. This is of import for group building every bit good as the activities the groups must carry through together. Kagan ( 1994 ) focuses on prosecuting mutuality that involves all pupils hand in glove and non competitively. Grouping should be structured to profit all group members every bit and use the different strengths of each member to counterbalance for any lacks. When instructors create a concerted acquisition environment to show lesson stuff to carefully selected heterogenous groups, the cooperation of pupils will increase and competitory behaviours become diminished. Even though competition is a normal behaviour exhibited by pupils, inordinate usage of competition can sabotage accomplishment in the schoolroom. Cooperation does non exhibit this quality. It enhances larning by making a structured acquisition environment that requires the pupil to be an active participant in the acquisition procedure, as opposed to a inactive perceiver in a schoolroom. Reducing competition in the schoolroom besides provides an chance for ELL pupils to take hazards they usually would non. Concerted acquisiti on is motivational for ELL pupils as it gives multiple positions within the group, it leads to deeper apprehension of the stuff, and it allows them to build cognition by detecting other pupils using higher-level thought ( Colorado, 2007 ) . The effectual execution of concerted acquisition entails five elements. The first component, positive mutuality, ensures the trust on each group member to finish the undertakings. Face-to-face interaction is the 2nd, and it requires each group member to interact personally with each member in a positive mode. Following, the answerability of each group member assures that the 3rd component of single engagement is met. The 4th, societal accomplishments, builds the environment for larning the necessary accomplishments throughout the interactions of the group every bit good as heightening accomplishments brought in from the members. Finally, group processing assesses the group through the positive and negative sentiments of the group members ( Dahley, 1994, Johnson & A ; Johnson, n.d. , Kagan, 1994 ) . The fortunes that allow for the usage of this scheme are illimitable. From pre-school to high school, the group interaction creates an mutuality that promotes socially responsible behaviour and increased accomplishment. When this attack is used to better linguistic communication accomplishments, the pupils have the ability to believe at a higher degree, hear and discourse the sentiments of other pupils, and associate the stuff to their lives in a more echt manner. An illustration of an activity affecting this scheme is the Think-Pair-Share activity ( Kagan, 1994 ) . The pupils begin by working separately on the inquiries that are given for a specific subject, such as designation and comparing of characters in a book the category is reading. After about 10 proceedingss, the pupils are grouped in braces where they discuss the replies to their inquiries with each other. After about five proceedingss, the braces so portion their replies with other squads or the whole group. This scheme h elps ELL pupils communicate what they are believing to a schoolmate in a less baleful environment and acquire the position of other pupils. Concerted grouping has many different attacks. Groups can be little as braces or big as required to run into the aims of the instructional activity. Ideally, they should incorporate three to five heterogenous pupils for the bulk of activities assigned. Homogeneous grouping, or ability grouping, can hold some benefits but is by and large best to be used meagerly, particularly with ELL pupils. Grouping ELL pupils homogeneously will non let for linguistic communication growing, as they will non hold entree to the equal patterning necessary to increase their linguistic communication accomplishments. Randomly puting pupils in groups can be effectual every bit long as all groups can run into the instructional ends of the activity, and there is a low incidence of ELL pupils in the schoolroom. Effective arrangement in heterogenous groups requires instructors to be cognizant of the ability degrees and societal accomplishments of the pupils in order to fit up complimentary accomplishments. Concerted grouping used to assist pupils with written look helps pupils derive experience by working through the authorship procedure. This is particularly good to ELL pupils. The instructor can make assorted ability groups where the stronger authors are able to assist the weaker 1s. Groups can be created to get down the authorship procedure with prewriting, which calls for brainstorming subject thoughts. All pupils can easy lend to this measure. After pupils have selected a subject, they can compose their rough bill of exchange in braces. When it is clip for alteration and redaction, group members take bends reading the documents and adding remarks, inquiries, or corrections as needed until the concluding bill of exchange is completed. This gives pupils the experience of reading the documents of other pupils as the composing procedure unfolds and the chance to better their ain authorship accomplishments through equal ratings. Working in little groups can assist ELL pupils larn how to work together and convey out larning chances that may hold been missed by independent work entirely. When pupils have a clear common end to work toward they can utilize their accomplishments to assist each other learn ( Gootman, 2001 ) . By promoting effectual communicating between equals to work out jobs in a safe orderly environment, a instructor is promoting societal growing and acquisition every bit good as academic accomplishment. As pupils learn to interact efficaciously with other pupils, accepting and lending different thoughts from the group as a whole it non merely builds assurance in the pupil socially, it strengthens the sense of accomplishment in academic undertakings. For ELL pupils, this provides a safe acquisition environment for them to larn and spread out their cognitive linguistic communication accomplishments within a societal context. Using concerted larning groups non merely develops psychosocial accomplishments in a safe and controlled environment, but besides creates state of affairss for ELL pupils to develop their linguistic communication accomplishments through equal mold. Cooperative acquisition allows ELL pupils who may non understand a given assignment to acquire aid from equals who do. Most pupils enjoy group work, and when they work in groups it can be a manner to promote them to take part in a undertaking that may be otherwise disputing or hard for them. The drawback to this is that some pupils can merely let the others to make their work for them, but if the instructor is watching closely, it should be evident who is lending and who is non and the instructor can step in as needed. There is a high degree of pupil battle with concerted grouping. All of the pupils have a undertaking and actively concentrate on making their portion. They can utilize thoughts from each other to come up with a solution to their group job. Concerted behaviours occur when the pupils who are more knowing aid those who are fighting in order to finish the undertaking as a group. This allows ELL pupils to construct their linguistic communication accomplishments.

How functional areas link Essay

In this assignment I will be discussing how functional areas link with each other within Tesco. The functional areas in any business can’t work alone; they must interact with other departments and have good communications within them. Most functional areas in Tesco deal with external people or organisations, these are called external links. For example, suppliers, which are usually contacted by the purchasing or production function to make orders; the R&D department then contacts specialist suppliers and research if the products they offer are of good quality; the finance department will check the suppliers invoices before they are paid to ensure there are no mistakes. Tesco’s staff will be contacted by the customers if they have any queries relating to the products, services or payments. The functional areas that can be involved in this are customer service and finance. Banks are contacted by the finance function about any issues that are related to bank accounts, loans or overdraft facilities. Functional areas such as HR may also contact government agencies, for example Job Centre Plus about any job vacancies that might be available in Tesco; and the Finance function will have to communicate with the HMRC to give account of how Tesco is doing financially and about the payroll of the staff. SalesDistributionHuman Resources FinanceThe sales function and the finance function link to each other in Tesco because sales is responsible for selling the products/services, and then it has to give all the information to the finance department to record all money earned from sales. Based on the information that the sales function gives, the finance function can work out the profit Tesco is making, check if payments from customers are being made, and chase overdue payments. This is important for the success of Tesco because if the finance doesn’t know how the sales are doing it cannot draw up any conclusions on how good or bad the finance of the company is to inform the shareholders or to improve what needs to be improved. The finance is also the function that determines whether the company is or isn’t liquid, so it has to keep in touch with sales (and other functions) to ensure that they are not spending more money than what they have or should.The distribution function relates to the finance function in Tesco because the finance must know when the deliveries are ready and dispatched so that the finance function can send out invoices to the customers. Finance also has to tell the delivery department whether a purchase has been paid or not, and if it hasn’t the delivery cannot happen before the customer has paid for the purchase. It’s important that they work together because if they don’t communicate with each other the customers would be getting the invoices before their products arrived or they would be getting their products before they even paid for it, and if the person isn’t honest the result could be that the person would bother paying for the products as it already has them.Human resources links with the Finance function because HR is responsible for the payroll of staff, and decide whether they get bonuses or not, so they tell the finance department how much to pay each employee. If they didn’t communicate with each other the finance department wouldn’t know how much each employee should be paid, or how to work out their payment without the HR giving information about how many hours each employee worked, and if the finance paid the wrong wage, or paid the wrong wage to the wrong person there would be lots of issues and complaints and they would have more work to do after all to sort out all the payments. Customer ServiceSales function and Customer Service function link to each other in Tesco because the sales staff must be able to provide an excellent customer service to Tesco customers because this is what will encourage them to shop in Tesco and become loyal customers. Sales staff also must be able to respond to any questions and queries customers might have, for example, to do with sales, promotions, if a product is in stock, how a product works and to give technical advice. If sales staff and customer service staff don’t work together to meet the needs and expectations of customers, then customers will start to think that Tesco isn’t a good place to shop and that the staff isn’t well trained and prepared to work there and provide help and information, so they will go to other supermarkets that provide better customer service Tesco will start to lose more and more customers and this will decrease their profit which in an extreme case can then lead for the closing down of the company. The distribution function links with the Customer service function because if the deliveries are being made and the right time to the right customers, and if the delivery is very quick, then customers will be loyal to Tesco because they will see that it provides a quick and good customer service. This is important for the reputation of Tesco because if customers are satisfied with the customer service provided during the delivery, for example, not taking too long to get the goods delivered, if the products are of good quality, if the employee who delivers the goods is very polite and helpful, the customer will always be shopping in Tesco, using the delivery service and will probably recommend this to friends and family, or even leave a feedback on Tesco’s website where lots of people all around the country can see, and Tesco’s’ reputation will be enhancing and more and more people will be shopping in Tesco and even using the delivery service and this will have positive impacts on Tesco’s as a company and financially. Human Resources links with customer service because HR is responsible for training staff on how to provide a good customer service, so the HR has to prepare new employees to deliver excellent customer service in Tesco. If the HR doesn’t prepare/giver the appropriate training to new staff on customer service, the employees might not be able to deal will certain situations which can let customers down and this can lead to Tesco losing customers. The HR also needs to make regular checks on senior staff to ensure that they are always providing a good customer service and give training if there are any new methods, new technology, or new ways of providing a better customer service. By ensuring these things all the employees will always be up to date on how to better meet customers needs and expectations and Tesco will be more and more successful. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=†Ã¢â‚¬ ,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "studymoose.com"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

How important is salary and benefits to fresh graduates when accepting Case Study

How important is salary and benefits to fresh graduates when accepting their first job offer - Case Study Example People with a normal degree and master degrees are normally included in the graduates list. Upcoming generation is keen in improving their living standards as much as possible. For many of the upcoming graduates, the major aim of education is for getting a decent job or profession. The life expenses are increasing day by day and only the educated people are getting good salaries and profession. In the case of U.K., graduates struggle a lot in finding decent jobs at present because of the unhealthy economic growth. It should be noted that UK is one country which suffered a lot as a result of the recent recession problems. Even though many of the recession hit economies including America shows signs of a revival, UK’s economic growth is still inadequate considering the economic growth in some other countries like India and China. Inman (2009) mentioned that ‘the unemployment in UK may cross more than 3 million in near future itself as Britains manufacturers, retailers and service industries feel the full effects of the downturn†. Thousands of employees working in UK’s private and public sectors have either lost their jobs or faced salary cuts in recent times because of the recession problems. For example, Tesco, one of the biggest retailers in UK, have planned to terminate the employment of 5000 of its workers. Many other retailers also followed the path of Tesco. â€Å"The retail sector recruited around 236000 employees between the years 1999 and 2003; and retail employment had reached a little over 3 million by the summer of 2003. However, between 2004 and 2007, they started exhibiting negative results, with stagnant employment of three million employees, till 2008† (Macneil & O’Brien, 2010, p. 88). From the above statistics, it is evident that the graduates in UK are currently struggling a lot in finding a decent job. It is very much important for the fresh graduates to get a decent salary and benefits when they

The Importance of Ethical Conduct and Professional Responsibility Essay

The Importance of Ethical Conduct and Professional Responsibility (criminal justice system) - Essay Example To understand the importance of ethical conduct and professional responsibility, the staff of the criminal justice system must first acquaint themselves with the relevant Codes of Ethics and Professional Responsibility. These codes are useful in enabling employees to aspire to the required level of ethical and professional conduct. Second, being ethically and professionally responsible helps criminal justice personnel to strive for excellence both at the personal and professional levels. To achieve high ethical and professional levels of performance, it is imperative that the criminal justice system’s personnel identify all the causes of professional and ethical misconducts, which are rather numerous considering the apparent diversity in the system’s clientele and tasks (Pollock, 2011). The main reason criminal justice personnel have lagged behind in achieving and maintaining high ethical and professional levels include failure to achieve high levels of competency through further education, work experience, and training. Since some employees do not seek continued education and training implies they are not abreast with the latest ethical and professional developments in the system. This lack of improved competency translates into reduced prompt, less efficient, unethical, and unprofessional performance by criminal justice personnel. Low levels of personal and professional integrity have also been cited as causes of professional and ethical misconducts in the criminal justice system (Pollock, 2011). ... criminal justice system’s personnel identify all the causes of professional and ethical misconducts, which are rather numerous considering the apparent diversity in the system’s clientele and tasks (Pollock, 2011). The main reason criminal justice personnel have lagged behind in achieving and maintaining high ethical and professional levels include failure to achieve high levels of competency through further education, work experience, and training. Since some employees do not seek continued education and training implies they are not abreast with the latest ethical and professional developments in the system. This lack of improved competency translates into reduced prompt, less efficient, unethical, and unprofessional performance by criminal justice personnel. Low levels of personal and professional integrity have also been cited as causes of professional and ethical misconducts in the criminal justice system (Pollock, 2011). What is more, failure to observe and mainta in the legality of professional competence and knowledge and ignorance of the available advice or assistance are the other common causes of professional and ethical misconduct in the criminal justice system. Similarly, some professionals’ personal life failures have impinged on their professional abilities and jeopardized their professionalism. The other causes of unprofessionalism, though to a slight extent, are poor communication, addiction to substance such as alcohol, failure to address client concerns, and excessive demands at work such as inappropriate work practices, poor mentoring and supervision (Pollock, 2011). Finally, personality conflicts and complacency towards professional standards have also had negative effects on professionalism since they escalate unethical behaviors. Addressing

Formal Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Formal Education - Assignment Example This essay discusses that in a complex society, committed educational institutions are a requirement, even though Illich (1970) indicates persuasively that they are not. On the other hand, being taught something properly is never better than second-best. The error is always committed by people who recommend ever more accessions to the standard curriculum, like "citizenship", "managing personal relations†. "Pass/Fail† by Linda Pastan You will never graduate From this dream Of blue books. No matter how You succeed awake, Asleep there is a test Waiting to be failed. The dream beckons With two dull pencils, But you haven’t even Taken the course; When you reach for a book - It closes a door In your face; when you conjugate a verb - it is in the wrong language. The above lines from the poem reveal the concealed theme reflecting the real modern trend of learning. The poetess says that man can never free himself from the dreams of success and failure. Both are the two sides of a coin. One ceases to exist in the absence of the other. The dream of passing or failing is something from which we can never free ourselves. So, the right approach is to do and leave it to God. The situation of â€Å"To be or not to be†¦..† is to be entertained by all. Dwindling among things and hanging in the balance will not set us the right path. The subject of success and failure is such that even if we try to forget it and sleep, we are sure to dream about verbs, vocabulary, etc., which will boomerang only for the worst. However, the solution to such problem remains concealed.

Zionism Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Zionism Overview - Essay Example The essay "Zionism Overview" talks about the Zionism in terms of today and historical events and the importance of the Zionism for today Jews and the government of Israel. Zion is the biblical term used for Jerusalem as well as the Land of Israel. Jews have yearned to return to Zion ever since their exile from Zion almost 2000 years ago. This learning is embedded in the literature, rituals, culture, and prayers of the Jews. Contemporary Zionism evolved during the late half of the 19th century as a result of anti-Semitism in the Western Europe and Jews’ violent persecution in the Eastern Europe. â€Å"Modern Zionism fused the ancient Jewish biblical and historical ties to the ancestral homeland with the modern concept of nationalism into a vision of establishing a modern Jewish state in the land of Israel†. Theodor Herzl is the pioneer of modern Zionism. He consolidated the different aspects of Zionism into a structured political movement, thus drawing global attention toward the establishment of a Jewish state and motivating Jews to migrate to the land from all over the world. The way he saw Zionism reflects in this statement, â€Å"I believe that Zionism will not cease to be our ideal even after we come to settle in the land of our forefathers in Eretz Israel, for within the Zionist idea is contained the aspiration to moral and spiritual perfection†. Today, several decades have passed since the establishment of the Jewish state and Zionism serves as the leading nationalist movement for most of the Jews all over the world.

Response 5 Article on india Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response 5 on india - Article Example On the other hand, the United States maintains she is innocent, but release after India began showing mistreatment to the workers at the United States Embassy. Basically, the article focuses on the manner through, which diplomatic relationship can be jeopardized by incidences of crime among the concerned stakeholders. In the article, an Indian Diplomat has committed an offense and is subject to arrest according to the Laws of the United States. However, in Indian, the matter is taken less serious and the Government believes that their citizen is innocent. This leads to a jeopardized relationship between the US and India as indicated by India taking awkward means to solve the challenges facing it i.e. through subjecting the workers at the US Embassy to Acts of Mistreatment. Barry, Ellen, and Benjamin Weiser. "As Indian Diplomat Exits After Arrest, a Culture Clash Lingers." The New York Times. The New York Times, 10 Jan. 2014. Web. 6 Apr. 2014.

Parvo Virus in Puppies; Does my Puppy really need it and why Essay

Parvo Virus in Puppies; Does my Puppy really need it and why - Essay Example In this case, the dogs cannot survive where the feces have been dropped anywhere. This makes the disease highly contagious and in the end very risky to the animals. The feaces that contain the virus serve as containers for the virus, and they are transmitted once they get in contact with surfaces such as cages, floors and other objects (Wade, 2). The virus does not discriminate on the dogs that it attacks, but it is highly infectious on puppies that are below four months and have not been vaccinated. However, the disease is more infectious on other breeds such as the Rottweiler and the Doberman pinscher. These breeds also have very severe results when they are infected. The disease also has its own symptoms that identify it. They comprise loss of appetite, fever, bloody diarrhea, lethargy and death after 48 or 72 hours from the day of infection. This shows that the disease is highly dangerous, and it is in the best factor that preventive measures are taken. In any case, when the signs are seen in the animals, more so the puppies, it is wise to see a veterinarian as fast as possible (Kahler, 2). Over the years, veterinarians have diagnosed the disease based on clinical appearances and laboratory tests. In as much as there is no specific drug that can be used to kill the virus and cure the dogs, the treatment of the dog is done in a slow process. This treatment normally starts with primary efforts such as; rehydration since the dog is extremely dehydrated from the diarrhea. This is also done to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Proper cleaning and disinfection of kennels is considered one of the greatest ways of preventing contamination by the virus; thus reducing the risks that come along with the disease. To ensure that the cleaning has been effective, it is always advised that one should contact a veterinarian for advice on

Strategies To Control Climate Change Essay Example for Free

Strategies To Control Climate Change Essay One proposal to answer to the problem of global warming is a lot simpler in theory than it is in practice. Given the rate of economic growth of many of the developing countries and the shift of production to the lesser developed countries, the implementation of any global protocols is easier to imagine than to implement (Torn and Harte, 2006). Greenhouse gases, which are cited as one of the main causes of global warming, are most commonly emitted from the highly industrialized countries and the less developed countries which rely heavily on industrial machinery for production. The problem in this scenario is that by cutting back on the emission of greenhouse gases, a majority of the world’s production of most major goods will be affected. The economic costs not to mention the technological impediments that preventing the shift to more environmentally friendly methods make the reduction of these greenhouse gases extremely difficult (Rudiman, 2005). There have been steps that have been taken to reduce the levels of greenhouse gases. In order to address the situation of global warming, many countries have participated in the worlds primary international agreement on combating global warming which is the Kyoto Protocol. An amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol binds signatory countries to reduce their emissions of CO2 and five other greenhouse gases. In the alternative, it allows these countries to engage in emissions trading if they are able to maintain or increase emissions of these gases (Wigley, 2007). The problem with this protocol, however, is that it exempts developing countries from meeting emission standards in Kyoto (Choi and Fisher, 2003). Some of the countries that have been excluded from this list are China and India, who are ranked as the second and third largest emitters of CO2, behind the United States. In addition, the United States and other Asian countries such as South Korea, China, Australia, Japan and India created a coalition named Asia-Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate which upholds the objective of fostering technical partnership in the taking measures in order to prevent global warming (WMO, 2005). This coalition aims to design new procedures that will facilitate the growth of each country without inflicting any harm to the environment. One of the coalition’s programs in the Methane to Market initiative which reduces the amount of methane gas produced by industries through the employment of equipment that captures methane gas as soon as it is produced. South Korea and its partner countries are still searching for a protocol that would help determine the allowable concentration of gas emissions in each country. However, there is still strong criticism on whether this protocol reflects the current economic standards of South Korea because it has been observed that developing countries often aim to achieve the same standards as that of developed countries, even if it entails some form of circumvention of gas emission laws of the country. In the United States, energy guidelines have been designed in order to foster energy efficiency and environmental cleanliness. One of the most visible programs in Energy Star which is a diversification of appliances that would promote emissions that contain less radiation and gases. Energy Star logos are often observed in appliances such as refrigerators, televisions and microwave ovens. In addition, the Department of Transported has initiated the annual monitoring of gas emissions from all types of vehicles. This directive has successfully been followed because the requirement of gas emission checking was linked to the annual registration of vehicles. Should a vehicle be determined to be excessively emitting gases, the owner of the vehicle is required to fix this technical problem with his vehicle first before the vehicle is issued any registration documents. This stringent law is thus difficult to be ignored and all vehicle operators are then educated in terms of the importance of checking their vehicle’s gas emissions regularly.

Impact of Marketing Mix on Customer Buying Decision

Impact of Marketing Mix on Customer Buying Decision Impact of Marketing Mix on Customer Buying Decision of Luxury Housing Industry in UKChapter 01 01. Introduction (Research proposal) 01.1 Industry background of the study 01.1.1 Industrial review Property development industry can be classified into several sectors, the largest being middle income land and property market which is increasingly being dominated by property developers selling ready build houses and plot of land. This sector is largely depended on the domestic economy and the housing loans market, which is driven by prevailing rate of interest. The demand for houses, condominiums, commercial property and office space, leisure property segments is also a significant contributor to the property market luxury segment generates lucrative profits. 1.1.2 International overview International property development industry; especially luxury housing industry shows same industry conditions worldwide. The Luxury Home Council (Authority for world luxury houses based in USA) has presented lot of findings on this industry with their primary collected information. Their findings are very interesting and show some cross functional relationships towards the industry and customer behavior and trends. Professionals in the real estate industry says luxury homes are more optimistic industry and majority (around 55%) is willing to get growth in the industry. These predictions based on the trends will appear in next twelve months. Based on the Forbes magazine (USA) shown better world growth of 25% in the year 2006. This trend really affected to the luxury housing industry worldwide. But existing recession conditions shows pure hit to the luxury housing industry. People try to fulfill their basic requirements. As per the survey conducted by American Affluence research center shows richest 10% will invest in real estate industry. Survey realized that portion 49% for new constructions and 11% for pre own home market. Balance invests in land sales market. 1.1.3 Market trends in the UK Based on the UK government, housing and planning statistics there are many trends find around 22 million in year 2007 contributed for the dwellings. From this market in the England 82% are bungalows, but in the London around 43% dwellings are flats. There are some secondary information released in the year 2008 and showing many rational findings. 68% are living in their own houses. Around 18% people are social tenant and private renters are around 14%. (Source:http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/corporate/statistics/housingplanningstatistics2009) The global economic crisis has adversely affected the UK property market In the wake of the collapse of the sub-prime mortgage market in the United States, the global financial system has changed significantly. Long-established UK financial organizations have had to change their working practices with particular focus on management and containment of further lending and exposure to higher risk activities such as property investment. As a result the UK Construction industry has suffered The UK Construction industry has been hit particularly hard as the rate of investment into property-based activity slows significantly. The appetite for new private development has reduced dramatically as the economic crisis affects the financial performance of businesses. Equally the UK banks, which are already heavily exposed to property investment, are reluctant to fund new projects. There are also significant concerns that the UK Governments spending plans for large scale public projects will be cut to help balance the books. Falling workloads are changing market behavior UK Construction workloads are currently falling at a rate faster than any time since the late 1980s. As workloads fall customers are clearly taking advantage of increased competition amongst contractors and driving prices down accordingly. Contractors margins are reducing and businesses face a fight for survival. The competitive arena is changing as contractors seek new work As the market place changes and reliable opportunities in familiar sectors dwindle, contractors are widening their interest in projects previously outside of their regular scope and size. This is changing the nature of the competitive arena and is forcing firms to re-consider their approach to marketing strategies and their existing customers. Long-term strategies must be adopted by contractors Forward predictions indicate that the downturn in workload has years, not months, to run. As such, contractors have to develop new strategies to develop their markets and protect existing customer relationships or history tells us that they may not survive. 1.1.4 Segmentation according to UK context All Taxpayers Top 10% to 1% (adults) Top 1 % to 0.1% (adults) Top 0.1 % (or the very, very rich) Number 29.5 Million 4.21 Million 421,000 42,000 Entry level for group  £5,093  £35,345  £99,727  £351,137 Mean Value for group  £24,769  £49,960  £155,832  £780,043 Average Income tax paid  £4,415  £10,550  £49,477  £274,482 Percentage of personal income tax revenue 27.6% 8.6% 4.2% (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_in_the_United_Kingdom 08/12/2009) Worth of each segment can range as follows, (lower income earners not create value to the luxury housing industry.) Source: Introduced by the researcher 1.2 Research Problem Even though number of players trying to capture or maintain, UK Luxury Housing industry has very limited opportunity of the total market. Because of niche situation it is difficult to find potential customers to sell premium houses for GBP millions. Industry rivalry has doubled this limited prospect. Because of stagnant conditions, many companies cant sell their luxury hoses and making losses due to loan interests construction cost increases. Customers will take time, check other options and need total solution for their requirement with strong confident. To build customer confident should focus on customer decision making and buying behaviour. Thereafter developers can provide perfect solutions for customers requisitions. United Kingdom context based on the http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ there are lot of possibilities can arise. Developers brand positioning promises should be supported by the quality of houses, attributes, customer service, staff responsiveness, technical services, engineering, architecture, after sales, inter departmental relationships etc. All these divisions have to set the highest standards in order to deliver what they promise. The number of customer dissatisfaction is on the increase. Sometimes the customer- developer conflict has intensified with a large number of customers unhappy with many issues such as quality of the houses, legal issues, product faultiness, after sales service, etc. The number of competitors tying to position themselves at the level of existing market leaders. A large number of luxury housing projects are being launched in London suburbs which signifies the rising competition in the niche property market. There is no truthful information based on Accurate Market research is essential for decision making implementation of the correct management process. Dont have proper understanding about market trends, opportunities and further developments in the industry. Especially house features are expecting by customers, suitable and matching price, location and place, effective promotional methods. 1.3 Research Objectives Key Objective To identify that what extent Marketing Mix impact on Customer Buying Decision of Luxury housing industry in UK. Through the research want to identify that what are the forfeiting factors will affect to the consumer buying behaviour and how major marketing elements / marketing mix affect to the buying decision making process. Will discuss major 4 elements and extended mix to gain clear understanding about Therefore, through this research will identify the â€Å"impact of marketing mix on customer behavior of Luxury housing industry.† Specific Objectives * To measure the impact on product on consumer buying behavior of Luxury housing industry. * Ensure the impact on price. * Understand the impact on location. * Quantify the impact on promotional methods. * To measure the impact on extended marketing mix (People, Process, and Physical Evidence). 1.4 Research Questions What extent Marketing Mix impact on Customer Buying Decision of Luxury housing industry in the United Kingdom? How product features (luxury house) impact on buying decision? How house design, plinth area architectural design specifications influence? How fittings, using materials additional features engineering solutions on house will impact? How Brand image impact? To what extent impact additional services (total solution package)? How impact price factor to customer buying decision? How selling price, land value, construction cost persuade? How legal stamp fee, bank loans, special discounts for cash payments, interests on delay payments convince? How payment structure encourage? How other costs involve? How location influence to buying decision? How convenience, easy access, security force? How neighborhood, community number of houses change the decision? How area recognition, name of the district, provincial council or urban council concern? How view, higher elevation, nature beauty concern? How promotional methods communication influence to buying decision? How promotional method, media selection media schedule success? How selling and marketing strategies should use? How advertising, personnel selling, direct marketing, public relation, word of mouth, sales promotions effective? How use internet promotions, event organizing and foreign promotions effectively? How extended marketing mix (People, Process, and Physical Evidence) influence to buying decision? People How sales and marketing staff, architectures, engineers, supervisors, maintenance team members, labours involve? Process How time period to build the house, bank loan arrangement, payment arrangement, realize customer requirement, legal framework, after sales service cause? Physical Evidence How company image, dress code of officers, traveling method (vehicle), equipments (laptop, etc), office location and layout, stationeries, language affect to first impression? 1.5 Theoretical Background 1.5.1 Marketing Mix Jerome McCarthy has suggested the 4Ps via major tools as product, price, place and promotions as the marketing mix. But in recent practices has introduced another basic three parts as people, proceed and physical evidence. Through controlling major four variables can any organization to achieve their objectives. These variables are currently practicing with modern trends. After McCarthys introduction Bernard Booms and Mary Bitner built an extended theory model and modernized the marketing mix and named as 7Ps. (Booms,B. and Bitner, M. 1981). * Product Philip Kotler (1988) suggest that three distinct elements should be considered as the products attributes, its benefits, and the nature of the support service. * Price More important element for some industries is the price potentially the most controllable and flexible element of the marketing mix. Price is also in many cases one of the most important elements and, together with the product as a key component of an organizations marketing strategy. (Source: D. Mercer, ‘Marketing (Blackwell, 1996) * Place / Location Neil H.Bordens clarifying the Marketing Mix is named the distribution as Place. There are lot of definitions as channel, intermediary methods, distribution and etc to the same task. The majour task is delivering goods from the manufacturer to the final end user. * Promotion Marketing mix has its own identical ‘promotions mix. The basic elements of the promotion mix are advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, public relations and personal selling. The final outcome is determined as how to handle these tools. * People According to the Kotler, People are the most important element of any service or experience. Services are produced and consumed at same time. Services are combined with individuals who deliver the services and according to the personality, experience and personal qualities of the service provider the quality of services are altered. * Process this is another important element of the extended marketing mix. The process is determining the efficiency. Emending automated systems can increase the efficiency of processes. There are a number of perceptions of pro buying process or luxury housing. * Physical evidence this is the tangible aspect of the service. As services are intangible, people rely on tangible items to build their perception on services. In the case of luxury houses, the tangible aspect and appearance of houses play a mojor role in building customer perception. 1.5.2 Consumer behavior According to the Belch and Belch consumer behavior is â€Å" The process and activities people engage in when searching for, selecting, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services so as to satisfy their needs and desires† To understand consumer behavior we need to examine how an individual interact with the marketing mix elements. According to Cohen (1991), the 4Ps should be adapted according to the psychology needs of each individual. The Psychological requirements are based on consumers own culture, attitude, learning and experience. Based on these values consumers decide whether or not to purchase. If the product or service match with their own values consumers decide to buy it. 1.6 Research Methodology Research has given priority to primary data to take impartial result through the study. Both of qualitative and quantitative techniques have being used to collect primary data from the target audience. Also has being used effective secondary sources to develop the research and to have a sophisticated output (Broadly discussed under the research methodology part). There are few methods has being applied by the researcher to get perfect solution. Survey method, interview method, internal data collections of property developers published secondary data has used as data collection method. 1.6.1 Survey Method Given the priority and research analysis based on the collected data through the survey. Questioner focused on customers who already bought luxury house. 1.6.2 Interview Method Researcher not given more priority to this method, but has added more findings through industry expert ideas. 1.6.3 Published Secondary data Internet, Industry Magazines, Government Institutions, News paper articles added more findings to the research. 1.6.4 Internal data of Property Developers Internal data collections as existing customer researches, competitor analysis, marketing and communication plans and other important and relevant data captured. 1.7 Limitations of the Study Sample size not enough For 100% accurate conclusion should cover 50% of the total market. Because of difficulties to find particular target market researcher have selected small sample size. (Limited number of people can afford for luxury house and they having busy scheduled life pattern). Limited secondary data there are no more information on luxury housing industry. Also cant find updated records through any government institute related to the housing industry and having only outdated records. Also researcher has concerned only the London and suburbs, but in some others cities other suburb areas should include to island wide result. For convenience has selected grater London and suburbs and it is difficult to based on these data to get overall picture. Didntt put more weight on other macro factors as governmental influences as regulations, legal issues economic changes. Political stability, foreign forces, employments and wages, etc. Not consider other luxury alternative can invest or spend. Through comprehensive research should pay attention on alternatives. Chapter 02 02. Literature Review 2.1 Theoretical background of Marketing Mix Meaning of the Marketing Mix The meaning of the Marketing Mix is a mixture of core factors which affecting to marketing strategies as well as consumer purchasing decision. Basic marketing mix comprises four elements as product, price, place promotion. When provide a service it should be an extended mix with people, process and physical evidence. According to McCarthy. J marketers should work with all marketing mix variables. Also he described that even change all variables it is difficult to change the product and distribution channel. Kotler, P. K. (2005). What is Marketing Mix. In P. K. Kotler, Marketing Management. Prentice Hall. Product Kotler (1988) suggest that three distinct elements need to be considered; the products attributes, its benefits, and the nature of the support service. * Product attributes are associated with the core product and include such elements as features, styling, quality, brand name, packaging, and size and color variants. * Product benefits are the elements that consumer perceive as meeting their needs. This is some time refers to as the â€Å"bundle of potential satisfactions† that the product represents. * The marketing support services comprise of all the elements that the organization provides in addition to the basic product. These typically include delivery, installation, guaranties, after sales service and reputation. (Source: Strategic Marketing Management by Richard M.S. Wilson Colin Gilligan) (Source: researcher developed based on www.wikipedia.org , 15/01/2010) Core Product this is the basic output of the product. Even you cannot touch it crates the vale to the entire product. The house example, the benefit is shelter, place to live with basic facilities. Actual product This is the tangible product of the output / physical product. As an example, it is the house with modern featured, quality construction, serenity appeal etc. Augmented Product This is the value additions can add to the particular product. Most of the time augmented value use to delight the customer. Structural warranty, customer support service from maintenance team, after sales service etc can show as examples. Price For many industries price is the potentially the most controllable and flexible element of the marketing mix. It is also in many cases one of the most important elements and, together with the product, a key component of an organizations marketing strategy. When buying a luxury house will consider selling price, easy payment structure, discount and other cost as legal stamp fee. Mercer, D. (1996). Pricing. In D. Mercer, ‘Marketing . Blackwell. Premium Price Premium pricing strategy is the best and normal payment method which is applicable to the luxury housing strategy. Location Channel of distribution comprises a set of organizations which perform all of the activities utilized to make difference in the process up to the consumption. (Bucklin Theory of Distribution method Structure, 1966). Neil H.Bordens has introduced location factor as more important variable in the Marketing Mix. Location is most crucial factor in luxury housing industry. Because of easy access, neighborhood, serenity, reputation of the area will consider according to the above facts. Promotion Another step of the 4Ps is promotion. This consists all of the tools available to the marketer for marketing communication. As with Neil H.Bordens marketing mix, effective marketing communications has its own promotions mix. Think of it like a cake mix, the fundamental ingredients are always the same. However if you vary the sum of one of the ingredients, the final outcome is different. It is the similar with promotions. The functions of the promotions mix are integrated to form a coherent campaign. * Advertising is a paid for effective communication. It is used to develop attitudes, add awareness, and transmit information in order to gain a response from the particular market. There are many advertising media as newspapers (local, national, free, trade), trade magazines and journals, television (local, national, terrestrial, satellite) cinema, outdoor advertising (such as posters, bus sides) * Personal Selling is an effective way to control personal customer relationships. The sales person acts on behalf of the organization. They tend to be well experienced in the approaches and techniques of personal selling. However sales people are too expensive and should only be used where there is a decent return on investment. For example salesmen are generally used to sell cars or home improvements where the margin is high * Sales promotion this tends to be thought of as being all promotions vary from advertising, personal selling, and public relations. As an example the BOGOF promotion, or Buy One Get One Free. Others include couponing, money-off promotions, competitions or free accessories (such as free blades for a new razor), introductory offers (such as when buy digital TV and get free installation), and so on. All sales promotion should be carefully cost and compared with the next best alternative * Public Relation This is defined as the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to be established and maintain mutual understanding between an organization as well as its publics (Institute of Public Relations). It is relatively cheaper, but certainly not cheap. Successful strategies tend to be long run and plan for all eventualities. * Direct mail Thi is very highly focused upon targeting consumers based upon a database. As with all marketing, the potential consumer is named based upon a series of attributes and similarities. Creative agencies are working with marketers to design a highly focused communication in the form of a mailing. The mail is sent out to the relevant consumers and responses are carefully monitored. For example, if you are marketing medical text books, you would be used a database of doctors surgeries as the basis of your mail shot. * Trade fair Exhibitions Such methods are very good for making new contacts and renewing old ones. Companies will individually sell much at such events. The purpose is to develop awareness and to encourage trial. They offer the opportunity for companies to meet with both the business and the consumer. Expo has recently finished in Germany with the next one planned for Japan, despite a recent decline in interest in such events. * Sponsorship this is where an organization pays to be associated with a relevant event, cause or image. Companies will sponsor to sports events such as the Olympics or Formula One. The attributes of the all event are then associated with the sponsoring organization. Gilligan, R. M. (1995). Strategic Marketing Management. In R. M. Gilligan, Strategic Marketing Management. Business Economics People People are the more important element of any service or experience. Services tend to be produced and consumed at the same time, and aspects of the customer experience are options to meet the individual needs of the person consuming it. Most of us can think of a condition where the personal service offered by individuals has made or tainted a tour, vacation or restaurant food. Remember, people buy from people that they more like, so the attitude, skills and appearance of all staff need to be first class. Here are some ways in ways of people add value to an experience, as part of the marketing mix training, personal selling and customer service. Eg: Marketing staff, architect, engineers and financial officers will participate to buying process of luxury housing. Process Process is another constituent of the extended marketing mix, or 7Ps.There are a of perceptions of the concept of process within the big business and marketing literature. Some see processes as a means to attain an outcome, for example to achieve 30% market share company equipment a marketing planning process. One more view is that marketing has a number of procedures that integrate together to create an in general marketing process Physical Evidence This is the material fraction of a service. Strictly speaking there are no corporeal attributes to a service, so a customer tends to rely on fabric cues. There are many examples of physical evidence, including Packaging, Internet/web pages, Paperwork (such as invoices, tickets and dispatch notes), Brochures, Furnishings, Signage (such as those on aircraft and vehicles), Uniforms, Business cards, The building itself (such as prestigious offices or scenic headquarters) and etc. www.marketingteacher.com. (2010, January 12). lesson_marketing_mix. Retrieved from www.marketingteacher.com: http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_marketing_mix.htm 2.2 Theoretical background of the Consumer behavior Consumer behavior is the findings of how people buy, what they buy, when they buy and why they buy. It blends factors from psychology, sociology, psychology, anthropology and economics. It attempts to realize the buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups. It examines characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics, psychographics, and behavioral variables in an effort to understand peoples wants. It also tries to assess affect on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. Belch and Belch defined consumer behavior as â€Å"The process and activities people work in when searching for, selecting, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services so as to make their needs and desires†. Consumer decision making process Consumer decision making process is the best as well as crucial factor to change and influence to the buying decision. Number of philosophers had been introduced their own idea about the buying decision process. But all of them accepted the normal buying decision process. Consumer decision making process can shows as following model. With few changes in this model can apply in to luxury house buying decision process. Wikipedia-encyclopedia explains consumer decision making process according to number of researches and consumer behavior books. This common process can identify in each buying decision (consumer). In organizational buying behavior will be change the process with few rational approaches). In luxury housing industry also can apply normal buying process. But customers will be more rational than other buying products as FMCG or low valued product or service. Standard buying process will explain that to what extent it will affecting to the buying decision making. Stage Brief description Problem Recognition The consumer perceives a need and normally motivated to solve the problem. Information Search The consumer searches for data required to make a purchase decision Perception Alternative Evaluation The consumer comparing various brands and products Attitude formation Purchase Decision The consumer decides which brand should purchase Integration Post-purchase Evaluation The consumer is evaluates their purchase decision Learning Howard, J. S. (1968). Theory of Buyer Behavior. In J. S. Source: Howard, Theory of Buyer Behavior. J. Wiley Sons, New York, NY. * Problem recognition Problem recognition shows when there is a difference between ones desired state and ones actual state. Consumers are form to address this discrepancy and therefore they commence the buying process. Sources of problem recognition exists: o An item is out of the stock o Dissatisfaction with a existing product or service o Consumer needs wants o Related products purchases o Marketer-induced o New products The relevant internal psychological activity that is associated with problem identification is motivation. A motive is a element that compels action. Belch and Belch (2007) give an explanation of motivation based on Maslows hierarchy of needs Freuds psychoanalytic theory. * Information Search Once the consumer has realized a problem, they search for information on products and services that can solve that problem. Belch and Belch (2007) introduced that consumers undertake both an internal (memory) and an external search. Sources of datainclude: o Personal sources o Commercial sources o Public sources o Personal experience The correct internal psychological process that is associated with information search is perception. Perception is recognized as the process by which an individual receives, selects, organizes, and interprets information to develop a meaningful picture of the world The selective perception process step Description Selective exposure consumers choose which promotional messages they will expose themselves to. Selective action consumers select which promotional messages they will put attention to Selective comprehension consumer communicate messages in line with their beliefs, attitudes, motives and experiences Selective retention clients remember messages that are more meaningful or important to them * Alternative Evaluation At this time the consumer compares the existing brands and products that are in their evoked set. How can the marketing organization develop the likelihood that their brand is part of the consumers evoked (consideration) set? Consumers find alternatives in terms of the functional and psychological benefits that they offer. The marketing organization should understand what benefits consumers are seeking and therefore which attributes are most significant in terms of making a decision. The relevant internal psychological process that is merged with the alternative evaluation step is attitude formation. Note that attitudes are learned predispositions in an object. Attitudes comprise both inner cognitive and affective elements that is both what you think and how you feel the something. The multi-attribute attitude model shows how consumers evaluate alternatives on a range of attributes. Belch and Belch (2007) identify a number of ways that can be used to influence the process (attitude change strategies). * Purchase Decision Once the alternatives have been analyzed, the consumer is ready to make a purchase decision. Sometimes purchase intention does not show in an actual purchase. The marketing organization must give the consumer to act on their purchase intention. The provision of credit or payment terms may motivate purchase, or a sales promotion such as the opportunity to get a premium or enter a competition may provide an incentive to buy now. The relevant internal psychological process that is goes with purchase decision is integration. * Post Purchase Evaluation Once the consumer has bought and used the product, they will eva

Pizza Hut Marketing Plan

Pizza Hut Marketing Plan Pizza Hut is subsidiary of yum! Brands. Inc. The worlds largest restaurant company with more than 34,000 restaurants in over 100 countries. Fast food industry in growing very rapidly and so many new companies are entering in the market. Due to the increased competition companies are losing their market shares. Pizza Hut is preparing to introduce a new product called The Pickle Supreme Pizza in the UK market. The Pickle Supreme Pizza target market consist of professionals those have less time, students, single person households, families with high or medium income. Geographically this product will target Asian people which we feel that are less served in future by Pizza Hut. The new pizza will expand the pizza line and provide more options in our well balanced menu. Our major rivals include Domino Pizza, McDonalds, KFC and other Quick Service Restaurants (QSR). The primary objective of this new pizza is to serve our Asian customers and take competitive over other competitors. We also want to increase our market share by 2 percent in the market with the help of this new Pickle Supreme Pizza. Our marketing planning process of this new product will consist to situational analysis of the market, 7Ps of marketing Mix and control and implementation stage in which our marketing team evaluate the effectiveness of our plan. The marketing department will be responsible of executing this marketing plan into action. SITUATION ANALYSIS A number of demographic and social trends in the UK increasing demand for the quick services restaurants. The divorce rates in UK and other growing trends shows that people are getting married later in life.These factors and many others like Government figures show the number of single-person households rose from 12% of all households in 1971 to 18% in 2001.The figure is expected to reach 38% by 2026.The trends in the 2000s showing that individuals are choosing to eat out more often than eat at home. Another factor to consider is the increased number of women working outside the home. As a result of more women in the workforce, household incomes are increased and are higher than past. The increased incomes and dual-career familys result in less time and people have no time to cook food at home. Also because of higher incomes, consumers have more income that allowing them to eat out more often and when they are at home they are looking for something ready to eat. Market summary The UK is the largest fast food market in Europe and every 6 out of 10 consumers visit Pizza Hut every year, 2 out of 10 for one of our main competitors. In the UK and Ireland, the pizza fast food franchise industry is one of the fastest growing sectors, with pizza taking its place as a popular food among consumers. Similar to eating trends in the USA, the UK is also expanding its consumption level with millions of pizza being consumed every year. As in America people eat 100 acres of pizza per day, or 350 slices a second, the UK is also catching up to this figure very quickly. In a recent survey conducted by BBC World found that 45% of people in the UK were agreeing that they like the taste of fast food very much. Pizza Hut market consist of professionals those have less time, students, single person households, families with high or medium income. Environmental  Analysis (P)olitical Political issues include regulatory and judicial system which may affect the business. As our target market is in UK and there are no series political problems in that market.  Increase taxes can affect pizza hut in future but better management will help us to overcome that problem.   (E)conomical UK is badly affected by rescission. Unemployment level is very high in UK and the savings of people are also very low. This economic slump in the UK will also affect the Pizza Hut because pizzas at Pizza Hut are expensive. We will consider this  factor when setting the price of our new pizza.   (S)ocial Every country has its own social norms, values and religion which can affect Pizza Hut according to its location. In UK people are from different back grounds with different religion and values. We will consider all these factors in our new pizza specially a large  Asian  community in UK which in past was less  served by Pizza Hut. (T)echnological Due to new technology there are so many different ways of marketing such as internet, telemarketing text  massages to the  existing customers as well as  potential customers.  We will use new methods of promotion to increase our market share. Target Market and Customer Profile This section includes the profile of the customers and target markets Asians Due to globalization people are coming from different countries in UK. Our major target is to serve Asian people with that product. Asian people like to eat spicy food and also large numbers of people are vegetarian or eat Halal food. This product will cover all those people. Students Students are the target market of Pizza Hut because they spend a lot of time with friends in universities and like to go out frequently for parties and celebrations. Dual-career families Dual-career families result in less time at home; they have less time to cook food at home. Also these people have higher incomes which allowing them to eat out more often.   Single person house holds The single person house hold are also increasing these people are a target market of Pizza Hut. These people are also like to eat out most the times. Higher and medium income Professionals High professionals are targeted by the pizza hut. Because of lesser time and high disposable income they prefer ready to eat food or eat out side. SWOT Analysis (S)trengths Strong Brand Name   Brand recognition is major strength for Pizza Hut. Pizza hut has the strong brand name and a market leader by providing large range of pizzas that strong image of pizza hut will make it easy to launch new pizza in the market. Loyal customers Loyalty of customers is strength of Pizza Hut. The loyal customer will also help the Pizza Hut to launch new pizza in the market. Strong financial position Pizza Hut has excellent international turnover and strong financial position will also help in new pizzas financial matters. Specialized in pizzas Pizza Hut is specialist in pizza making and this specialty will create a strong perception in customers mind for our new pickle pizza. Subsidiary of Yum! Brands,inc Yum is the worlds largest restaurant company and Pizza Hut is subsidiary of Yum brand. Full service restaurants Pizza Hut provides a full service restaurant and delivery services which some of the pizza Huts competitors are not doing. Because of restaurant facility Pizza Hut can market some other segments like families that other pizza chains cannot. (W)eaknesses High priced Pizzas at Pizza Hut are high priced. This is the greatest weakness Pizza Hut has in the market as compared with others. Higher overhead costs Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant services and extra facilities that other competitors do not have to deal with. Fewer outlets: Pizza Hut has the lesser number of outlets and consumers feel difficulty to find pizza Hut. The Pizza Hut chains are not spread as compare to the other fast food restaurants. More focused on western taste: Pizza Hut is more focused on western taste and less on others. The new arrival will also helpful to overcome that weakness. (O)pportunities New Pizzas with different sizes and taste This opportunity is always open for pizza hut to come with new tastes and sizes and served the better than others. We can generate more revenue with our new innovative pizzas. Pickle pizza will help us to take full advantage of that opportunity. Halal pizza Pizza Hut has the opportunity to provide the Halal pizzas and capture a new segment which will increase the market share of pizza Hut. Number of outlets Pizza Hut has the opportunity to expand the business so Pizza Hut should open more outlets to increase market share and compete will with others like McDonalds. (T)hreats Increased completion The competitions in fast food industry is increasing day by day, this increased competition reducing the profit margins in the industry and also cause a great decrease of market share. Low prices by competitors The prices of the competitors are the major concern for Pizza Hut. The competitors are offering low prices to the customers and have competitive advantage over Pizza Hut. Frozen pizzas: Other competitors to take into consideration are frozen pizzas that are available in super stores and grocery stores. Competitors Analysis Pizza Hut is facing huge competition in the market. Competitors of Pizza Hut are; Restaurants and cafes Fast-food and Quick-service Restaurants Dominos pizza, Inc. Dominos Pizza, Inc. is an international fast food pizza delivery corporation. Dominos pizza is the UK and Irelands leading pizza delivery company. Dominos first UK store opened in 1985. Dominos pizza is the direct competitor of the Pizza Hut. Low prices of pizzas are the real competitive edge of the Dominos. McDonalds McDonalds is the worlds largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily. McDonalds primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, French fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. More recently, it has begun to offer salads, wraps and fruit. KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken, or KFC, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky.KFC is the subsidiary of Yum Brand. While its primary focus is fried chicken but giving tough time to the Pizza Hut. KFC also offers a line of roasted chicken products, sides and desserts. Quick Service Restaurants (QSR), Takeaways: There are thousands of local quick services restaurants are involved in the UKs fast food industry. These local takeaways are providing pizzas, fried chicken, and salads according to the local consumers taste and on very low prices. These restaurants are the real competitors of the pizza hut. The new Pizza Huts pickle pizza will help pizza hut to compete with these restaurants. MacDonald Corporation is the largest group among all top Fast Food corporations. It is having huge brand value as well as revenue, Moreover, the dominos Pizza Inc is the lowest earning group among all, but these all companies are having a universal aim to provide quality food at lower price to the customers. In order to survive in the global industry a company must come up with new tactics and innovations to charge ahead of the competitors. Product Offering We are offering a new pizza to our customers that will be especially popular in Asian customers and also other pizza consumers. New pickle supreme pizza will be available in all different bases and toppings. Available Bases Tuscani Pan The Italian Cheesy Bites Stuffed Crust Topping Topping of the pickle supreme pizza will be mixed pickle, mushrooms, mixed peppers, black olives (customers can add any other available topping of their choice). Availability The pickle supreme pizza will be available in our three menus with different sizes as other pizzas are available Restaurant menu Delivery and takeaway menu Collection menu Pizza deals The new pickle pizza will be available at all pizza hut chains throughout UK. We will take start from England and Wales and then cover Scotland and Ireland as well. MARKETING PLAN The opportunities are also the part of the marketing strategy. Marketing Objectives Pizza Hut has the largest market share in the pizza industry. The high quality of product and services of the pizza hut will help to ensure good chance at successful introduction of a new pizza. The fast food industry is famous for introducing new products to increase short-term sales. This new pizza will increase the market share of the company .Pizza Hut has the competitive edge in innovative products and this new product that will also be successful in the market. There is a high completion in the market; the introduction of a new product is required to keep ahead of the competition. One of our main objectives is to provide a pizza to our Asian customers and to fill a gap between pizza hut and our customers. As earlier mentioned that there is a large community of Asian people living in UK and we fell that they are less served by the Pizza Hut. The new pickle supreme pizza will help us to achieve that objective. Other objectives include Increase in fast food market share. Maintain the competitive edge of the innovations. Fulfil the demand of the customers. Increase in profitability and growth. Target markets The UK will be the target market of the new pickle supreme pizza. Our major aim is to catch Asian costumers by introducing this new product because we feel that they are less served in the past. Other pizza hut costumers will also like this new pizza. Changing social and demographic trend in UK contributed to increased demand for fast food and our target customers include Students, Dual-career families, Single person households etc. Positioning Innovations in menu and service offerings have been the key to Pizza Huts success in UK. Using product line extension we are positioning the pizza Hut an Innovative and quality food restaurant chain. Pizza Hut already positions itself as an excellent services and food provider in the fast food industry. Marketing Mix As with all businesses, the most important goal of a company is to increase revenue and profits. With the introduction of this new product we hope to increase the overall sales of the company as well as the services and quality of the products. Product The reason behind our success in all over the world is uncompromising drive in providing customers the best in terms of product quality, service, cleanliness and value. Pizza Hut pizzas are made with fresh dough baked daily and smothered with our very own 100% pure imported Mozzarella cheese. Pizza can be part of a well-balanced meal. Ingredients in our pizza include mixed pickle, mushrooms, mixed peppers, black olives (customers can add any other available topping of their choice). Pickle supreme pizza will be available in all sizes in which other pizzas are available such as individual (4 slices) medium (6 slices) large (8 slices). Pizza Hut has built a strong brand name that means quality products and services. Since Pizza Hut will be introducing Pickle supreme pizza customers will automatically think this is a high quality product. Price Pizza Hut is successfully using the high/low pricing strategies when setting the retail price of its products. This high/low pricing strategies will help to serve more segments in the market. The price of pickle supreme pizza should be set as  £5.99 for individual  £10.99 for medium  £13.99 for large Price skimming strategy will be used as Pizza Hut sets high initial prices for its products to send a signal to customers that its products are quality and the service is excellent. The medium and large pickle pizza will be available in deals as well by paying  £2.99 extra; customers can add salad of their own choice. Place At present we are using the direct distribution channels because our markets are very large and geographically dispersed. Other reason of direct distribution is that we have a large number of buyers, but a small amount purchased by each. Different methods of distribution will be used for pickle supreme pizza as company is currently using for other products. Home delivery is the first distribution method by pizza Hut. Pizza hut provide the pizza for those who want to stay at home and eat pizza. Online ordering is another distribution method that we are using now. Customers can go to the nearest Pizza Hut and can sit and eat there Pizza Hut provides an excellent sitting facilities to customers where they can sit and enjoy the variety of pizzas. This is the most useful distribution method for our pizza. Our new pickle pizza will be available in all distribution channels. This is One of Pizza Huts largest competitive advantages is its restaurant style facility. Promotion This objective of the promotion is to create awareness of the new product, Stimulate demand and change the short term behaviour of the customers. We will use different advertisement methods to introduce Pickle supreme pizza such as Advertisement on television Billboard in the main areas to get our customers Leaflets distribution in colleges and universities Door to Door distribution of leaflets In store promotions Banner ads Advertisement in Foot ball grounds E-mails Advertisement on the Web sites These methods are used to promote our product in the market. We use different types of advertisement to create awareness in our target market, we use leaflet distribution in universities to create awareness in student about our product. Advertisement on television in very expensive but we will use that method in the introduction stage of the product where intensive marketing in required. The objective is to create awareness among 90% of our target consumers about the new product. People Pizza Huts providing a very comfortable working environment and our employees are very flexible and they can adopt any change in product with great ease. We will arrange training sessions for employees to upgrade their skills according to the new product. We will put all our efforts to satisfy our employees. Process We will not compromise on quality and services in our restaurants. Our process will remain up to the mark for our new product as well. We have sufficient space for our new product to deal with. We will provide quality food, efficient services with on time deliveries. So our processes will continue without any problem. Physical Evidence Physical evidence is the place where the services being delivered. We are providing full service restaurants with family environment and excellent services. Our new product will also be available in restaurants menu and we have enough space to cover them. Action Plan The Pickle Supreme Pizza will be introduced and available to the customers in start of the July. The purpose of this action plan is to create awareness among the customers about their new product. Here are summaries of action plan we will use during the first four months to achieve our stated objectives. June In June we will start our promotional activities by using in-store advertisement with the slogan of coming soon or new arrival, advertisement on the Television in between world cup football matches. We know that this type of advertisement is very expensive but we expect that this type of advertisement will return us huge revenue. July We will start print media and internet campaign to target professionals, students and single households. We will start leafleting in universities, emails to the professionals and advertisement on the famous website like yahoo or msn to create awareness among our target market. We will continue in store advertisement in this month by giving special discount in meal deals. August In post launch advertisement campaign we will continue leaflet distributions and will use some less expensive techniques of promotion like emails, text messages, magazines and news papers. September We will continue our promotions but with less intensity. We will advertise in the news papers and magazines, leafleting with some other promotions on it in order To keep in touch with our customers. Marketing Research We will identify the market trends and the reaction of the target market towards the product with the help of different types of research methods. This marketing research will help us to identify the positioning of the product in the costumers mind. We will use the following methods to conduct our marketing research Questionnaires We will prepare a questionnaire that will help us in collecting primary data from the customers. The questionnaire will be consisting of different question which will cover all the points that will required to get the accurate research results. Surveys Surveys will keep us up to date about our customers expectations and make us fulfils their needs and wants more effectively. For this we would have to conduct a marketing survey of our market and try to find out that what our customers want and what they feel about new product. Whether they are satisfied with our product or want any up gradation in it. Live Market Test Live market test will work in two ways such as survey and promotions at one time. In store advertisement, promotions and distribution will be done and free samples will be offer to the people and feedback back will be taken from them. This feedback can positive or negative but will help us in future planning of the products. Feedback Form Feedback forms are also very important method of survey which will provide quick information with very low cost. Costumers will give information about their experience about products and services which help us to remove deficiencies if any. Financial Matters We are financially strong enough to introduce a new product in the market. The advertisement budget will be 5% of the projected sale. We are expecting that the Pickle supreme pizza will increase our sale by 6%, this forecast is based upon pervious products sale by Pizza Hut. This 6% increase in sale will bring  £600 million in revenue. It means advertising budget will be of 30 million. No other plant and equipment expenses will be accrued because the existing plant and machinery is used for the production of Pickle Supreme Pizza. Controls and Implementation We will establish a control program to help the management in measuring the results and identifying any problems or performance variation that need corrective actions. The control process involves establishing standards and measuring performance to correct deviations from standards. We will use different techniques to monitor quality and customer service satisfaction. This will help us to react very quickly in correcting any problems at the beginning. We will implement the following method to determine the effectiveness and customer satisfaction from our new product. Annual plan control In this method will monitor that whether company is achieving the targets and goals that are expected from the new product. Different are used monitor this such as Sales analysis, market share analysis, balance scorecard etc. Efficiency Control With the help of this will control on spending efficiency and marketing expenditures. In this we will analyze the sales force efficiency, advertising and sales promotions effectiveness as compare to expenses on all these things. Customers feedback This method will be used to collect information from the customers because this will help us to take immediate actions against any problem. Customers are the primary source to check the success of the product. Customers feedback will help us in taking further steps if required. Marketing Organisations Marketing director will hold overall responsibility for all of the companys marketing activities and all managers in the marketing department will report to the director. Marketing Audit plan will also executed enter the supervision of the marketing director. CONCLUSION I have critically analysed the Pizza hut and its current market situation and found that the fast food trends are changing; customers are demanding high quality food with excellent services and sitting arrangements. Pizza hut is offering large range of pizzas with salads, desserts etc, under one roof. Pizza hut also provide restaurant facilities to the customers. With the help of deep research of the market i found that the Pizza hut is losing large market share by ignoring a rapidly growing market of Asian Customers in the UK. These customers are less served by Pizza Hut but now its time to fill that gap by introducing a new Pickle Supreme pizza. The market environment of fast food industry in UK is very competitive. Pizza Hut is facing direct completion as well as in direct competition in the market in the form of Dominos, McDonalds, and KFC. Pizza Hut is a high price restaurant as compare to its competitors but providing high quality food and sitting facilities. Pizza hut has fewer number of outlets which is a weakness of pizza hut

The Usefulness of Financial Statements Essay -- GCSE Business Marketin

The Usefulness of Financial Statements The primary means of communicating the financial effects of organizational activities and transactions of a company to outsiders is the financial reporting system. This reporting system includes communicating financial information through annual financial statements, as well as through reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, voluntary forecasts, and other financial and nonfinancial releases. Financial statements are the main source of financial information conveyed to parties external to the company. The full set of primary financial statements consists of a balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. External financial statements have a general purpose and are designed to meet the needs of investors, creditors, and other users of the external reports. They are historical in that they communicate activities and events that have already occurred. Financial statements are prepared on an accrual basis; they measure the impact of events and transactions when they occur and not simply when the cash consequences of such events and transactions are realized. Financial statements are useful in evaluating an enterprise's profitability, liquidity, and long-term solvency and equity structure. An analysis is conducted from the perspective of external users of financial statements and it relies on the annual report of a corporation and other publicly available information. Management, of course, also has access to extensive internal financial data, and their concerns extend to subdivisions of the enterprise, such as the performance of subsidiaries, divisions, departments, and operating functions. External reports are intended primarily for stockholders, creditors, directors, and regulators such as the SEC. Although externally reported information is also useful to corporate management at the highest level, it is far too aggregate to be useful for decision making by lower levels of management. And even top levels of management need financial information for decision making with respect to the performance of the various components or segments of the enterprise. It is vital that managers understand how their corporation organizes itself and at what levels the various functions such as manufacturing, marketing, finance, and research and development are performed. Managers ... ...d profits. It is seldom possible to form a judgment about the performance of an individual segment or division by inspecting the records of only that segment or division. All financial information must be analyzed together to serve useful in and out of a corporate entity. Works Cited: Financial Accounting Standards Board, 1978, Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No.1: Objectives of Financial Reporting by Business Enterprises (Stamford, CT., Financial Accounting Standards Board). Financial Accounting Standards Boards, 1984. Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No.: Recognition and Measurement in Financial Statements of Business Enterprises (Stamford, CT.: Financial Accounting Standards). American Accounting Association, 1957. Accounting and Reporting Standards for Corporation Financial Statements and Preceding Statements and Supplements (Iowa City, Iowa: American Accounting Association). Parker, R.H., 1979. Evolution of Corporation Financial Reporting (Nigeria, Africa: Thomas Nelson and Sons Limited). Gray, S.J., 1984. Information Disclosure and the Multinational Corporation (New York, New York: John Wiley and Sons).

Televisions Effect on Self Image Essay -- Beauty Media

New mirrors are in the market and many homes have been remodeled with these mirrors. These new mirror are like snow whites mirror, they tell you who the most beautiful one of all is. A little girl is looking at her new mirror that tells her she has to wear makeup and look a certain way in order to be beautiful. This new mirror is the TV and the voice that is telling her is the media. The media portrays the beauty of women a certain way that is distorting beauty. The media distorts image so much that women start to see an unrealistic beauty and think that all women should actually look that way. An experiment done by Mahler Beckerley and Vogel (2010) demonstrate that women’s attitudes about certain looks reflect on how they view the models. There were two groups of women and some saw photos of models that were tanned and the other saw models that were not tanned. The participants then were told to describe their attitude about tanning. The group of women that viewed models that had a tan had a more positive attitude toward tans and the group of women that viewed models with out a tan had a negative attitude towards tanning. This research demonstrates that the media has a big influence in the decision women make on their appearance. So what is beauty? Is beauty the perfect supermodel on a magazine? Is it the stunning actress on television? Do you have to be thin and tall? According to Dictionary.com Unabridged, beauty is â€Å"the quality present in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure or deep satisfaction to the mind, whether arising from sensory manifestations (as shape, color, sound, etc.), a meaningful design or pattern, or something else (as a personality in which high spiritual qualities are manifest)†. However, the m... ...:10.1080/14680770903068266 Mahler, H. M., Beckerley, S. E., & Vogel, M. T. (2010). Effects of Media Images on Attitudes Toward Tanning. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 32(2), 118-127. Slater, A., Tiggemann, M., Firth, B., & Hawkins, K. (2012). Reality Check: An Experimental Investigation of the Addition of Warning Labels to Fashion Magazine Images on Women's Mood and Body Dissatisfaction. Journal Of Social & Clinical Psychology, 31(2), 105-122. Solomon, M. R., Ashmore, R. D., & Basil G., E. (1994). Beauty before the Eyes of Beholders: The Cultural Encoding of Beauty Types in Magazine Advertising and Music Television. Journal Of Advertising, 23(2), 49-64. Bates, C. (2012, January 05). Mail online. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2082500/A-quarter-children-10-diet-think-overweight-face-bullying-taunts-shocking-survey-finds.html